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Carbon checks generics at definition time against interfaces, not per instantiation like C++ templates. This yields earlier errors, separate compilation, and clearer diagnostics, but sacrifices template metaprogramming and specialization. C++ interop requires explicit bridging.
Carbon's experimental pointer and reference model aims to make C++ interoperability memory-safe without wrapper overhead. This architecture note examines the trust boundary, operational checks, and failure modes.
Explains how Carbon’s checked pointers add runtime bounds and null safety to raw pointers from C++, with a worked example, trade‑offs, and steps to try the feature.
Carbon replaces C++ templates with checked generics verified at the definition site against explicit interfaces — enabling separate compilation, cleaner errors, and an explicit static-vs-dynamic dispatch choice.
Carbon's bidirectional C++ interoperability via extern "C++" linkage enables incremental migration without wrappers. This architecture note covers the minimal design, trust boundaries, CI verification steps, failure modes, and conditions that would force a redesign.
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