Not enough RAM error in Photoshop undo history memory usage

Goal

Determine whether Photoshop’s undo stack causes a memory leak when working with large canvases and extensive undo history.

Constraints

64‑bit Photoshop on Windows 11, document size > 50 MB, RAM allocated set to 8 GB in Preferences > Performance. The test involves repeated undo/redo cycles and monitoring system memory via Task Manager.

Unresolved Questions

• After closing a document with a large undo history, does Photoshop retain any memory allocations that are not released until the application exits?
• Is the “Not enough RAM” error triggered by virtual address fragmentation rather than actual memory exhaustion, and can it be mitigated by adjusting the undo history limit?
• Do third‑party neural filters contribute to persistent GPU memory usage that persists across document closures?