How to troubleshoot a segmentation fault in a C program that processes concrete strength data?

When a C program that calculates concrete compressive strength crashes with a segmentation fault, what systematic steps can be taken to locate the source of the fault? Consider techniques such as reproducing the crash under a debugger, examining core dumps, checking pointer usage and array bounds, and validating input data. How can one isolate whether the issue stems from memory allocation, incorrect indexing, or library calls, and what verification and rollback strategies are appropriate after applying a fix?