How can I determine if DNF's metadata cache is stale for a newly added repository in Fedora?

After adding a new software repository on a Fedora system, DNF may continue to use outdated metadata from its local cache, causing dependency resolution errors or missed package updates. I need a way to assess whether the cached metadata for that repository is still fresh without clearing the entire cache or affecting other repositories. The assessment should respect the repository's metadata_expire setting and work offline if possible.

How can I check the age or timestamp of the cached metadata for a specific repository? How can I verify if the cache has exceeded its metadata_expire lifetime? Is there a method to refresh only that repository's metadata on demand?