Batch destination overwrite behavior and missing name-collision constraint

File > Automate > Batch processes source files through a recorded action and writes results to a user-selected destination folder. The dialog provides destination naming options such as serial numbers, but the configuration does not expose a name-collision constraint.

The desired behavior is to prevent silent replacement of existing output files when the batch is run against a shared or production folder. The uncertainty is whether Photoshop enforces any overwrite protection itself or delegates replacement entirely to host operating system file-replacement behavior, and what permission boundary applies to read-only or network destinations.

Does Photoshop expose a Batch option to skip existing files or auto-rename on collision? Is overwrite handling governed by Photoshop preferences or by the host OS? What behavior is expected for read-only or network destination folders?